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Erythema Multiforme- Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and

What is Erythema Multiforme?

Erythemam multiforme is the skin problem which occurs as the reaction due to infection or medication and is discovered by Ferdinand von Hebra in 1866. In this disease a red rash is obtain on the skin which is the sequence of the spots. Sometimes they are purple in color. Erythema multiforme mainly affects to palms, soles, and back of the hands. Sometimes it can spread in to trunk, face, and mouth or in some cases it may appear only in mouth. In some patient spots may occurs in both skin and lips. It also known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome. It associates with fever, muscle aches, and not feeling well. Erythemam multiforme can occurs in any type of age but mostly it occurs in children.

Erythema multiforme is the skin infection caused by some allergic reaction due to medicines. Some of the medications which can cause Erythema multiforme are

  1. Barbiturates
  2. Penicillins
  3. Phenytoin
  4. Sulfonamides

Causes of Erythema Multiforme

  • Erythema multiforme is a cause of allergic reactions of medications, infections, or illness.
  • Any type of injury to the blood vessels of the skin.
  • It may be the cause of side effect of medication like sulfonamides, sulfonamides, amoxicillin, ampicillin.
  • Different types of infections like parasitic, fungal, viral, bacterial.
  • Use of cocaine is also the cause of erythema multiforme.
  • Mothers vaginal secretions is another cause of erythema multiforme

What are the symptoms of Erythema Multiforme?

  • Various types of spots are obtain on the skin they are circular and red in color.
  • Fever, joint aches, headache, sore throat, cough, nausea are the commom symptoms of erythema multiforme.
  • General ill feeling, itching of the skin, burning sensation in injured area.
  • Different types of pains like eye pain, edema, and drainage and oral pain, breathing difficulty can occurs in erythema multiforme.

Erythema Multiforme Treatment

Treatment of Erythema multiforme begins with identification and removal of the trigger factor, however that is not always possible. Erythema multiforme resolves on its own. If itching is bothersome, standard treatments may be used. Corticosteroids given by mouth may be helpful

  • Topical corticosteroids are used for treatment
  • Oral antihistamines treatment is used to control itching.
  • Use of hydrogen peroxide for mouth washing which helps to destroy the crust.
  • Some patients applied cortisone directly to the infected area which helps in clearing the spots.
  • Antiviral drug like acyclovir may be used to prevent from erythema multiforme.
  • Topical anesthetic such as lidocaine, prednisone, cyclosporin are used to cure from mouth pain.
  • Antibiotics to control any skin infections
  • Hospitalization may be required for severe cases

Some other treatments which can be considered are as follows:

  1. Dapsone 100-150mg/d
  2. Antimalarial drugs
  3. Azathioprine 100-150 mg/d
  4. Thalidomide
  5. Ciclosporin
  6. Mycophenolate mofetil
  7. Photochemotherapy

Some facts about Erythema multiforme

  • The cause of this illness is not known. is unknown.
  • It has some damage to the skin blood vessels which further causes tissue damage.
  • Erythema multiforme minor is not very serious.
  • Erythema multiforme major is highly severe.
  • It generally occurs in children and young adults.
  • Erythema multiforme generally affects young people within the age range of 20-40 years. It is found more in adult males as compared to females.

Viral Trigger causing the EM

There are many known virus infections which have caused EM:

  1. Parapoxvirus
  2. Herpes varicella zoster
  3. Adenovirus
  4. Hepatitis viruses
  5. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
  6. Cytomegalovirus
  7. Viral vaccines

     
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