Corn and Callus

Intermittent pressure and friction over a long period is likely to produce a callus or a corn. It represents hyperkeratosis formed by nature to protect the sensitive part of the skin and the underlying structures from such pressure and friction. A callus is a raised, uniform, painless plaque of hyperkeratosis appearing on the hands and the dorsum of feet.

Difference between Corn and Callus

A corn, on the other hand, represents a conical, painful hyperkeratosis appearing on the soles and over the toe joints. Because of the body's weight and shoes, the hyperkeratosis of a com gets pushed into the skin causing pressure on nerve endings which produces pain. Callosities are indicative of a person's occupation and habits. Unless they are unduly uncomfortable or unsightly, they demand no treatment. On the other hand, a com is painful, and needs attention. First of all, a com must be differentiated from 'a plantar wart by the following facts: A com is at a pressure site (over heads of the first and fifth metatarsal bones). It is painful when pressure is applied from above as well as from the sides, and there are neither papillary prolongationi nor any verrucous surface. Clinically, a corn is seen as a polished, flesh-colored and circumscribed papule. Ill-fitting shoes and deformed feet are the two important causes.

Treatment of Corn and Callus

The treatment of a com consists in correcting the underlying causes. Footwear must be comfortable. Foot deformities must be corrected by exercise. The advice of an orthopedic surgeon should be taken in cases of recurrent corns. Locally, collodion containing 10% salicylic acid is painted on the com every night. The com separates in about a week, but treatment must be continued till the corn area is absolutely level with the surrounding skin. Ivory horns have also been successfully employed by indigenous chiropodists.

Corn and Callus

Bunion

Cracking

Maceration

Acrocyanosis

Livedo reticularis

Frost bite

Solar dermatitis

Xeroderma pigmentosum

Solar eczema

Solar urticaria

Actinic reticuloid